Sains Malaysiana 55(5)(2026): 838-847

http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2026-5505-06

 

Aktiviti Sitotoksik dan Selektiviti Sebatian Trifenilstanum(IV) N-Metil-N-Benzilditiokarbamat terhadap Sel Karsinoma Hepatosel (HepG2) dan Sel Ginjal Embrio Manusia (HEK293)

(Cytotoxic Activity and Selectivity of the Triphenyltin(IV) N-Methyl-N-Benzyldithiocarbamate Compound against Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HepG2) and Human Embryonic Kidney (HEK293) Cells)

 

NORMAH AWANG^1,2,*, PUTRI MALAYA TASLIM² & NURUL FARAHANA KAMALUDIN^1,2

 

¹Pusat Kajian Toksikologi dan Risiko Kesihatan, Fakulti Sains Kesihatan, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

²Program Kesihatan Persekitaran dan Keselamatan Industri, Fakulti Sains Kesihatan, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

 

Diserahkan: 26 Januari 2026/Diterima: 23 April 2026

 

Abstrak

Kanser hati, khususnya karsinoma hepatosel (HCC), merupakan antara penyebab utama kematian berkaitan kanser di peringkat global. Walaupun agen kemoterapi konvensional seperti 5‑fluorourasil (5‑FU) digunakan secara meluas, keberkesanannya sering dibatasi oleh ketoksikan sistemik dan perkembangan rintangan sel kanser. Oleh itu, pencarian agen antikanser baharu yang lebih berkesan dan selektif terhadap sel kanser tanpa menjejaskan sel normal amat diperlukan. Sebatian organostanum(IV) telah dikenal pasti mempunyai potensi sitotoksik yang tinggi pada kepekatan rendah. Kajian ini bertujuan menilai aktiviti sitotoksik sebatian trifenilstanum(IV) N-metil N-benzilditiokarbamat terhadap sel HCC manusia (HepG2), sebagai model sel kanser dan sel ginjal embrio manusia (HEK293), sebagai model sel normal. Penilaian sitotoksisiti dilakukan menggunakan asai MTT bagi menentukan nilai kepekatan perencatan median (IC₅₀) selepas 24 jam rawatan, di samping pemerhatian mikroskopik perubahan morfologi sel bagi mengenal pasti mekanisme kematian sel. Keputusan menunjukkan nilai IC₅₀ masing‑masing ialah 0.70 µM (HepG2) dan 1.97 µM (HEK293), mencerminkan ketoksikan yang lebih tinggi terhadap sel kanser berbanding sel normal. Pemerhatian morfologi pada kepekatan IC₅₀ memperlihatkan ciri apoptosis seperti pengecutan sel dan pembentukan bleb membran. Indeks selektiviti yang diperoleh ialah 2.81, menandakan tahap selektiviti yang baik terhadap sel kanser. Secara keseluruhan, keputusan kajian ini menunjukkan bahawa sebatian trifenilstanum(IV) N-metil-N-benzilditiokarbamat berpotensi sebagai calon agen antikanser yang baharu, sekali gus memerlukan kajian lanjutan yang merangkumi penilaian mekanisme molekular dan kajian in vivo bagi mengesahkan keberkesanan serta keselamatannya.

Kata kunci: Asai MTT; HEK293; HepG2; indeks selektiviti; trifenilstanum(IV)

 

Abstract

Liver cancer, particularly hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), is one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Although conventional chemotherapeutic agents such as 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) are widely used, their effectiveness is often limited by systemic toxicity and the development of cancer cell resistance. Therefore, the search for new anticancer agents that are more effective and selective toward cancer cells without affecting normal cells is highly needed. Organotin(IV) compounds have been reported to exhibit high cytotoxic potential even at low concentrations. This study aimed to evaluate the cytotoxic activity of triphenyltin(IV) N-methyl-N-benzyldithiocarbamate against human HCC cells (HepG2) and human embryonic kidney cells (HEK293). Cytotoxicity was assessed using the MTT assay to determine the median inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) after 24 h of treatment, along with observation of cellular morphological changes to identify the mechanism of cell death. The results showed IC₅₀ values of 0.70 µM for HepG2 cells and 1.97 µM for HEK293 cells, indicating higher toxicity toward cancer cells compared with normal cells. Morphological observation at the IC₅₀ concentration showed apoptotic characteristics such as cell shrinkage and membrane blebbing. The selectivity index obtained was 2.81, indicating good selectivity toward cancer cells. Overall, these findings suggest that triphenyltin(IV) N-methyl-N-benzyldithiocarbamate has potential as a candidate anticancer agent and warrants further investigation through molecular mechanism evaluation and in vivo studies.

Keywords: HEK293; HepG2; MTT assay; selectivity index; triphenyltin(IV)

 

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*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: norm@ukm.edu.my